Clearcutting is one of several methods private timber companies use to log forests for lumber and paper products, as well as bio-energy. Timber harvesters first remove all the profitable sawlog-sized trees on a logging site. After logging, most clearcut sites are bulldozed to strip away young, smaller trees, bushes and other plants that may compete with conifer seedlings. This “debris” is usually piled and burned. What remains is a moonscape that disrupts the natural forest ecosystem. Herbicides are almost always used to kill the grasses and ground covers that may survive the bulldozing. Conifer seedlings are planted, and they grow into an even-aged plantation, instead of a bio-diverse forest.